A Nation Working Toward Equality Essay - 1110 Words

A Nation Working Toward Equality Women have made extraordinary strides toward workplace equality in the last century. The labor-market participation rate for women 25 to 44 years of age - the average child bearing years - rose from less than 20% to more than 75% between 1900 and 1999 (Velasquez, 1.) Author Andrea Lunsford writes about the simple concept of â€Å"comparable worth† saying that concept of workers with â€Å"comparable skills, education and experience be paid equal amounts† should be a fairly simple policy to institute. (Lunsford, 617) But as many women know first hand, this practice can be fairly difficult to enforce. Many companies can even seem downright opposed to it. Women in the workplace have it hard enough; they are under more†¦show more content†¦But it is. Thirty one percent of women in the workplace are reported victims of sexual harassment in the workplace even though ninety seven percent of companies have a sexual harassment policy (se xualharassmentsuppot.org) If one third of working women say that they are being paid less than men, and another third of women are being sexually harassed in the workplace, what does that say about our society’s progress? It makes it even clearer that although there have been major strides toward workplace equality, companies, the government, and employees all have a responsibility to work harder. I am extremely fortunate. I am an upper middle class, educated, Caucasian female; I automatically was born with a leg up on most of the world. The fact that even I have been a victim to discrimination speaks volumes to the treatment of women in the workplace. I have been working in restaurants since I received my working permit in the state of California at age fourteen. I have mostly hosted, sometimes bussed, and occasionally been a server at places ranging fromShow MoreRelatedEconomic and Social Progress in Canada1720 Words   |  7 PagesSince universal suffrage, women have made tremendous economic and social progress in Canada. Canada has been called a world leader in the promotion and protection of womens rights and gender equality, (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada). Yet a hundred years after universal suffrage, gender disparity continues to exist in Canada. Gender disparity is evident in the political, economic, and social spheres. Political disparity refers to the lack of adequate representation of women inRead MoreSocio Economic Differences Of The Economic System Of Modern Capitalism1678 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove ourselves as a nation socially, culturally, and economically. 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The most prominent moments, which brought about the most change and significance are: the persons case of 1928, the womens liberation movement throughoutRead MoreThe United Nations A Success Or A Failure?1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe United Nations†¦a success or a failure? The United Nations is a widely controversial issue, with many people regarding it as a failure, and many others regarding it as a success. This essay will discuss the United Nations, viewing it as a success, with arguments supporting it. The United Nations promotes world peace and security. On the subject of matters the United Nations promotes, another one is human rights. An example of the United Na tions promoting human rights is when they created theRead MoreThe American Dream1612 Words   |  7 Pagesin Hughes’ eyes, have not used the hope, especially when it comes to how America is not America. 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Essay on The Caribbean Islands - 1222 Words

The Caribbean The Caribbean, a region usually exoticized and depicted as tropical and similar in its environmental ways, cannot be characterized as homogenous. Each individual island has their own diverse historical background when it comes to how and when they became colonized, which European country had the strongest influence on them, and the unique individual cultures that were integrated into one. The three authors Sidney W. Mintz, Antonio Benitez-Rojo, and Michelle Cliff, all and address the problem of the Caribbean’s identity. They each discuss how the Caribbean’s diverse culture was created and molded by each individual island’s history, how its society was molded by the development of plantations, how the Caribbean dealt with†¦show more content†¦make it very difficult to characterize the Caribbean as a cultural area. Benitez-Rojo agrees with this idea, also rejecting the idea that the Caribbean is a cultural area. According to Mintz, the Caribbean is similar in social-structural features rather than cultural ones. In his analysis of the Caribbean, he organizes the commonalties of the region using nine distinct features, which bind the islands of the Caribbean into a major societal area, regardless of their differences. Mintz also emphasizes how the Caribbean should be viewed in terms of a multidimensional continuum, rather than in terms of some single abstract model(Mintz 21). Mintz also expresses how the islands of the Caribbean lack unity and a sense of national pride. He suggests in his article, The Caribbean as a Socio-Cultural Area, that a social hierarchy does not exist in the Caribbean. 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I hope you read and enjoy it as much as I did researching and writing about one of the most visited countries. It originally home was the home of the Arawak and Taino Indians. They were mostly an agriculturally based society that grew corn, sweet potatoes, cotton, and tobacco. However, their lives were forever altered after Christopher Columbus discovered the island in 1494 duringRead MoreGlobalisation and the Economic Impact on Small Island States: Caribbean2195 Words   |  9 PagesEconomic Impact on Small Island States: Caribbean January 6th 2011 Kole’ Mascoll Student ID: COPY [1] Globalisation and the Economic impact on small island states: Caribbean This paper conducts an analysis of Small Island States of the Caribbean, the Economic effects of Globalisation and addresses both the macroeconomic and microeconomic issues. The paper will begin by defining globalization from a generic perspective and then focus more specifically on Caribbean. In addition, the paperRead More The Caribbean Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Caribbean The inhabited islands clustered in the Caribbean Sea are an interesting study in cultural and social identity. Colonized by european powers from the Fifteenth Century, the Caribbean islands have become mixtures of cultures from Europe, Africa, and India, as well as from the original inhabitants of the islands. As a result, describing and defining the Caribbean is a much more difficult task than it appears on the surface. The norms and ideas of identity and history that exist on one

Management Accounting Features of a Company

Question: Discuss the role of management accounting in an organisation (make comparisons to financial accounting). Discuss the different methods of dealing with overheads when pricing products in a manufacturing firm. Provide an analysis of two of the modern techniques in management accounting An example of a modern technique would be JIT, (You cannot use this method) making references to practical applications (where applicable). Discuss the objectives of budgeting. Answer: Introduction Management accounting is the presentation of accounting information in such a way as to help management in the creation of policy and the day to day operation of an enterprise or any undertaking. Hence, it related to the use of accounting data gathered with the help of financial accounting and cost accounting for the purpose of policy formation, planning, control and decision making by the management system. (Francis, 2011) So management accounting connects management with accounting as any accounting information which is required to take any management decision is linked to management accounting itself. (Business Dictionary, 2012) In other words, it is the application of appropriate techniques and concepts used in an undertaking which is used for the company to assist management in establishing future plans. Aim or objectives of management accounting is as follows; a) It helps in planning and formulation of future policies as it assists and helps the management in planning and arran ging the activities of the enterprise.(IMA, 2011) b) It is also beneficial for the interpretation of financial information. Accounting is a technical subject and may not be comprehended by everyone until the user has detailed knowledge about it. So management accounting solves this problem and presents the information in a simple and non technical manner so that it is easy to comprehend and lay out the planning. (Investopedia, 2012) c) It plays an important role in controlling the performance. Its a useful device of managerial control. So it divides the entire company into responsibility centres and each centre is headed by a diligent and responsible person. (Diffen, 2012) d) Management accounting also helps organizing as the qualified management accountant suggests the use of accounting procedures like the budgeting, cost control techniques and internal financial control. So, it is useful to rationalize the organizational structure. (Caplan, 2014) Management Accounting Vs Financial Accounting There is a narrow scope of difference between management accounting and financial accounting. Management accounting is a modern tool which comprises of new modern techniques, methods and systems of accounting which lies under the hand of the management accountant. He with best of his ability tries to increase the profits of the business concern by reducing the cost losses and wastages. (S, 2014) This planning is very essential in running a business. So not only it helps in day to day running of the business but also plays a crucial role in overall planning and organising. Financial accounting is closely linked to management accounting. It aims to bring out the profit or the loss of the company by giving a true and a fair view of the financial position of the company. (DebitDoor, 2012) Method of dealing the Overheads Overheads can be calculated in many ways. It is greatly dependent upon the various goals and objectives of the company. Those various methods are as follows: Rate per unit of Production This has been one of the most celebrated methods of calculating overheads. This process of calculating the overheads involves the process where the amount of overheads depends upon the number of units produced in a particular financial year. Percentage on Direct Material Cost At times, most of the companies have adopted the process of calculating the overheads on the cost of direct material incurred by the company. This percentage is calculated as per the articles of association. It is either predetermined or decided by the management of the company. (Kumar, 2012) Percentage of Direct Labour Cost There is another which is basically adopted by the companies where the overheads are calculated on the basis of a percentage on the direct labour cost. This direct labour cost is basically the total amount of cost incurred by the company on the employees appointed as the direct labour, i.e. for the purpose of manufacturing the final product. (Freedman, 2011) Modern Management Method There are basically two methods of modern management method of management, which leads to the current management of the companies. These are: Systematic Methods It basically consists of specified and sequential methods of tackling all the problems in the companies. It helps in basically providing information for making all the decisions and improving the operational efficiency. It has adopted the process of accepting all the prescribed manner and all the problems are dealt effectively. The process of systematic method has a prescribed manner, which is to be adopted by the management of the company. (Skymark, 2014) Analytical Method The other method which is being adopted by the management of different companies is the analytical method. In this scenario, the management uses some of the quantitative methods where all the necessary calculation is done and then the decisions are taken by the management of the company. All the complex and systematic examinations are done by the management and hence the analytical aspect of management leads the company to have the best possible method of management. These are the two main methods as adopted by the management of the company as per the needs and requirements of each. (Drucker, 2011) Objectives of Budgeting All the operations of the company should be executed after making sure that a proper budget for the same. Budgeting has been one of the most important tasks for any company and its management. It is in the process of budgeting where the management take up all the relevant information to come to decision for the operational activities of the company. It is for the purpose of having a smooth course of business that the directors and the managers of the company give emphasis on this fact that budgeting processes are carried out in the best possible manner. Without having an effective form of budgeting, the operational activities of the company are not effectively executed. Following are the main objectives of the process of budgeting: Planning Without having a proper structure of the operations of the company, it is a difficult task for a company to prosper in the long run. Therefore, planning has been one of the most important features of any company as in the absence of the same the company will not be able to execute its activities in the best possible manner. It plans all the business growth and development and how the company should go about with its basic feature of having the operational activities. The process of planning leads the company to have a normal course in their respective operational activities. Apart from this, planning is considered to be the soul of the company, as the activities of all the departments in the company greatly depends upon the fact that how the management of the company is contributing the available amount of working capital and long term capital amongst the various departments. This process of planning will lead the company to have the best possible measure of having the operational ac tivities. The goals and objectives of the company can only be measured once the whole thing is executed effectively. Provides structure The other basic aim of planning is the fact that it provides a structure to the organization. It leads to provide the basic structure for the organization. The daily activities and other aspects of the company are managed by having a proper system of planning in the whole process. Therefore, it can be said that most of the process of planning is to be done by the management of the company to provide a proper structure for the organization. Predict cash flows The planning structure of the company predicts the cash flows of the company. It is with the help of this the company would be able to take up decision for the future aspects. Hence, it can be said that the all the companies including the manufacturing firm has to predict the cash flows of the company as it considers the financial model of the company. Allocate Resources Allocating resources also plays a critical role in the process of budgeting. This process of budgeting leads the company to appropriately allocate the resources as it will benefit the company to actually determine the requirements of each department. Therefore, it can be said that budgeting leads to allocate the resources as it leads to the appropriate workings of the company. Model Scenarios Modelling the scenarios has been one of the major aspects for almost all the companies especially since the time almost all the top companies are being globalized. The budgeting leads to have proper models for the companies in order to predict the future of the company during the normal course of the business. The management conducts these model scenarios in order to make decisions that would lead the company to achieve its goals in the best possible manner. Therefore, it can be said that model scenario plays a very critical role and therefore, budgeting should be considered as one of the most important features or processes of the company. (Finance Management, 2011) Conclusion Management accounting has been one of the most important features of a company. The differences between management accounting and financial accounting have been very narrow yet management accounting has been executed for the purpose of having the management take decisions as it would help them in doing the same. (Accountingverse, 2013) This information is not leaked to the third party, whereas the purpose of financial accounting is to issue for all the third parties, for example, creditors and the debenture holders of the company. Therefore, management accounting plays an active role in the process taking up decisions and the process of making the management achieve the goals of the company. References Accountingverse. (2013). Managerial vs. Financial Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.accountingverse.com: https://www.accountingverse.com/managerial-accounting/introduction/managerial-vs-financial-accounting.html Business Dictionary. (2012, November 21). objective budgeting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.businessdictionary.com: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/objective-budgeting.html Caplan, D. (2014). MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES. Retrieved July 2016, 23, from classes.bus.oregonstate.edu: https://classes.bus.oregonstate.edu/spring-07/ba422/Management%20Accounting%20Chapter%201.htm DebitDoor. (2012). Management accounting - What is Management accounting? Retrieved July 23, 2012, from debitoor.com: https://debitoor.com/dictionary/management-accounting Diffen. (2012). Financial Accounting vs. Management Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from /www.diffen.com: https://www.diffen.com/difference/Financial_Accounting_vs_Management_Accounting Drucker. (2011). Can we make our knowledge workers 50x more productive in the 21st Century? Retrieved July 23, 2016, from eiseverywhere.com: https://eiseverywhere.com/ehome/lk-nl/ Finance Management. (2011). Difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.efinancemanagement.com: https://www.efinancemanagement.com/financial-accounting/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting Francis, K. (2011). The Differences Between Financial Accounting Management Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-financial-accounting-management-accounting-3985.html Freedman, J. (2011). Accounting Methods for Overhead Calculation. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/accounting-methods-overhead-calculation-65209.html IMA. (2011). Definition of Management. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.imanet.org: https://www.imanet.org/docs/default-source/thought_leadership/transforming_the_finance_function/definition_of_management_accounting.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Investopedia. (2012). Managerial Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.investopedia.com: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/managerialaccounting.asp Kumar, V. (2012). Methods of Overhead Absorption. Retrieved july 23, 2016, from www.svtuition.org: https://www.svtuition.org/2012/10/methods-of-overhead-absorption.html S, S. (2014, December 14). Difference Between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from keydifferences.com: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting.html Skymark. (2014). Leading Methods. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from www.skymark.com: https://www.skymark.com/resources/methods/methods_main.asp

Henry More free essay sample

Born: Oct 1614 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England Died: 1 Sept 1687 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England Henry More s male parent was Alexander More who had been city manager of Grantham on several occasions. Alexander More was financially good off and able to give his boy a top category instruction. Small is known of his childhood except for a few remarks More makes himself in the Foreword of his Collected Works. There he writes that he was brought up ( see or ) : parents who were great Genevans ( but withall really pious and good 1s ) . He was brought up to be ever believing of faith: even in my earliest childhood, an inward sense of the Divine Presence was so strong upon my head, that I did so believe, there could be no title, word, or thought hidden from Him. After go toing Grantham Free School ( the Grammar School ) , More was sent to Eton when he was 14 old ages old. Here he came to alter his spiritual positions, rejecting Calvinism which had the impression of predestination as a metaphysical necessity and the footing of religion. More came to the belief, which he held strongly throughout his life, that redemption was possible though goodness. During this clip his male parent had put his upbringing in the custodies of an uncle who tried to forestall the immature More from being so frontward by welting him to seek to do him return to the Calvinist thoughts about free-will. Floging surely did nil to return More to Calvinism, possibly it had merely the opposite consequence. In 1631 More entered Christ s College Cambridge. He wrote of his experiences as an undergraduate ( see or ) : [ I plunged ] over caput and ears in the survey of doctrine ; assuring a most fantastic felicity to myself in it. Aristotle, hence, Cardan, Julius Scaliger and other philosophers of the greatest note I really diligently pursued. In which the truth is, that I met here and at that place with some things wittily and acutely and sometimes besides solidly spoken: yet the most seemed to me either false or unsure, or else so obvious and fiddling, that I look upon myself as holding obviously lost my clip in reading such writers. And to talk all in a word, those about whole four old ages which I spent on surveies of this sort ended in nil, in a mode, but mere agnosticism. More calibrated with a B.A. in 1636 and remained at Cambridge to go on his surveies being elected a Fellow of Christ s College in 1639. He turned his philosophical surveies towards Plato, the Platonists and the Neoplatonists going a member of the Cambridge Platonists. Possibly we should travel towards the ground why More is included in an archive of mathematicians. He was a adult male of wide acquisition, and the thoughts of experimental natural doctrine were to the bow due to those who would organize the Royal Society. These thoughts of experimental doctrine attracted More and he besides became influenced by the Hagiographas of Descartes which: seemed to demo how to unite a scientific involvement in nature with a primary concern for justifying the world of God and immortal human psyches. However, as he studied the mechanical doctrine of Descartes he became unhappy with it. More argued that Descartes thoughts must necessarily take God from nature and so lead to atheism. During 1648 and 1649 More and Descartes corresponded about the mechanical doctrine and this correspondence was finally published as The Immortality of the Soule ( 1659 ) . More argued that the gesture of a organic structure was an built-in belongings of that organic structure, and that it was impossible for gesture to be transferred from one organic structure to another. This, of class, seems to belie common sense for if a turn overing ball strikes a ball which is at remainder so the ball starts to travel. More does non deny this fact which any simple experiment will verify, but he claimed that the gesture of the 2nd ball is from an internal belongings of its ain, awakened by the impact of the first ball. I am the more inclined to this sentiment, that there is perfectly no transportation of gestures ; but that a 2nd organic structure is as it were awakened into gesture by the impact of the first organic structure, as this or that event awakens the psyche to contemplation. And that the 2nd organic structure does non so much receive gesture from the first, as put itself into gesture at the command of the first. Of class More s thoughts here are wholly unsound but when he attacks Descartes whirl theory planetal gesture the he is on stronger land: Why are non your whirls in the signifier of columns or cylinders instead than el lipses, since any point of the axis of a whirl is as it were a Centre from which the heavenly affair recedes with, every bit far as I can see, a entirely changeless drift? Who causes all the planets non to go around in one plane ( the plane of the ecliptic ) ? And the Moon itself, neither in the plane of the Earth s equator nor in a plane analogue to this? More published Antidote Against Atheisme in 1652. In this work he argues that all countries of natural doctrine necessitate a Spirit of Nature . In peculiar he argued against the mechanical accounts of the spring and weight of the air as Boyle put forwards by Boyle shortly earlier. More wrote in a missive: I be non wholly satisfied that his self-contradictory illations from the experiments are true. There will be a Spirit of Nature for all of this In all his statements one would hold to state that either More had non read the plants of Galileo and Pascal, or that he had failed to understand their statements. Surely More puts forward statements against the spring and weight of air which had already been answered by Pascal. More did non merely utilize philosophical statements against Boyle, nevertheless. He was a committed experimental scientist and he undertook a series of hydrostatic and pneumatic experiments to confute Boyle s theory. More may hold been strongly opposed to Boyle s mechanical doctrine, but he was good fain towards the experimental doctrine of those in the Royal Society. He was proposed for family of the Royal Society by Wilkins on 4 June 1662 and elected on 17 September of that twelvemonth. However, when the Society received its Charter from Charles II on 10 May 1663, More ( and several others ) were omitted from the list of Fellows. On 25 May 1664 Wilkins once more proposed More for the family and he was elected ( for a 2nd clip ) at the meeting one hebdomad subsequently. In 1670 More published Enchridion Metaphysicum. This work repeated More s expostulations to the mechanical doctrine of Boyle and several other members of the Royal Society. Of class there were deep jobs which related to infinite and affair, action at a distance and the vacuity which scientists were fighting with at this clip and More s positions provided motive to many scientists to clear up their ain thoughts and better their statements. Space was a peculiarly hard construct and More basically identifies it with God: I on the contrary when I have obviously proved that the internal infinite is truly distinguishable from affair, I conclude that it is for that ground a certain immaterial substance or spirit, merely as the Pythagoreans once thought. And so through that same gate through which the Cartesian doctrine seemed to mean to except God from the universe, I on the contrary ( and I am confident that success will be vouchsafed me ) strive to re-introduce Him. And this space and immobile extension appears to be non merely existent but Godhead. One other thing about Henry More which we should discourse is his relation to Newton. Newton was born near to Grantham and attended the Free School in Grantham. In fact he had diggingss in Grantham for seven old ages with a Mr Clark, the brother of a instructor at the Free School. More, who was about 30 old ages older than Newton, frequently returned to his place town of Grantham and when he did so he lived with one of the two Clark brothers. Therefore when More was a major figure at Cambridge he must hold got to cognize the immature student Newton. We surely know that there was contact between Newton and More up till the clip More was around 70 old ages of age. Did More s thoughts of infinite influence Newton? It is impossible to state with any certainty, but we can surely observe that Newton s thought of absolute infinite and clip was important to his natural philosophies and that this impression of infinite is closely related to that set frontward by More in his statements against Descartes. Besides in footings of gravitation, for Descartes it was necessary to hold an interaction through affair between the organic structures. For Newton gravitation was a force which acted through empty infinite and although he does non look to hold identified infinite with God as More did, nevertheless the religious facet of infinite supported Newton s gravitative theories. More neer sought promotion within Cambridge, declining to stand for places such as Master. He was a modest adult male who felt that he did non hold the necessary endowments for such functions. He wrote: I have measured myself from the tallness to the deepness ; and what I can make, and what I ought to make, and I do it. J J OConnor and E F Robertson